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Linux server data recovery ext4, XFS, RAID and LVM

Deleted files, a filesystem that will not mount, a RAID that will not assemble, or a volume group that disappeared. We copy the disk first and work on the copy. Your original disk is not touched.

  • ext4, XFS, Btrfs, RAID and LVM
  • We work on a copy, not the original
  • We tell you honestly what is possible
  • VPS, dedicated and cloud servers

Linux problems we can help with

Software problems on disks that can still be read.

Deleted files (rm -rf)

Someone ran rm on the wrong folder. We check backups and snapshots first, then scan the copy of the disk for what is left.

Filesystem will not mount

After a crash or power cut ext4 or XFS shows errors, drops to read-only, or fails at boot. We repair it on the copy, not on the original.

Broken mdadm RAID

A disk dropped out, the array shows inactive, or it will not assemble. We read the RAID metadata and rebuild it from copies of the members.

Missing LVM volume

The volume group or a logical volume is gone after a resize or a wrong command. We restore the LVM metadata and bring the volume back.

Lost or overwritten partition

The partition table was overwritten or the wrong disk was formatted. We look for the old layout and, where it is still there, restore it.

Database or website lost

A dropped MySQL or MariaDB database, a lost data folder, or a deleted cPanel account. We check the backups and, where possible, rebuild from the files.

What is possible

An honest view of each situation. It is not a promise: the result depends on your disk.

Tap a box to show only that group.

Sometimes

Files deleted a short time ago on ext4, disk hardly used since

Sometimes part of the files can be brought back from the journal or by scanning the free space. Names and folders may be lost.

Rarely

Files deleted long ago, or the disk was used a lot since

New data has probably overwritten the old. A backup or snapshot is the better hope.

Rarely

Files deleted on XFS

XFS has no reliable undelete. A scan can find some files by type, but a backup or snapshot is usually the only real way.

Often possible

Files deleted but a snapshot or backup exists (LVM, Btrfs, ZFS, provider snapshot, panel backup)

This is the best case. Restoring from the snapshot or backup is fast and safe.

Often possible

Filesystem will not mount, the disk itself is healthy

Most ext4 and XFS errors can be repaired or read from a copy of the disk.

Sometimes

Disk with bad sectors, but still detected

A careful copy often saves most of the data. The files that sat on the bad areas may be damaged or lost.

Often possible

Partition table overwritten or lost partition

If the partition was not formatted afterwards, the old layout can usually be found and put back.

Sometimes

Disk quick-formatted or mkfs run again

Some files can often be found by scanning the disk, but folder names and structure are usually lost.

Often possible

mdadm RAID with one failed disk

The data is usually intact on the other members. We copy them first and assemble from the copies.

Sometimes

mdadm RAID with two or more failed disks

It depends on which disks failed and when. Partial recovery is possible, a full recovery is not certain.

Often possible

Missing LVM volume group or logical volume

LVM keeps old copies of its settings. If the disks were not overwritten, the volume can usually be restored.

Sometimes

MySQL or MariaDB database corrupted or will not start

Often most of the data can be dumped out. Backups and binary logs give much better results.

Sometimes

Deleted cPanel account

Good if a panel or server backup exists. Without a backup, only part of the files may be found.

Rarely

Files encrypted by ransomware

Without the key, encrypted files cannot be opened. Backups, snapshots and free decryptors for some known families are the only ways. We do not break encryption.

Rarely

Cloud VPS or instance deleted

Only possible if the provider still has a snapshot or backup. Check with them at once.

Rarely

SSD or cloud disk with TRIM or discard, files deleted

The drive clears deleted data soon after deletion, so recovery chances drop fast.

Not possible

Disk wiped with dd, shred or a secure erase

Overwritten data cannot be recovered by anyone.

Not possible

Disk that clicks, is not detected, or burnt

This is hardware damage. It needs a clean-room lab, and we do not do that work. Switch the disk off.

What decides the result

The same six things on every job.

Time and writes since the loss

The more the disk is used after the loss, the less is left. Stop at once.

The type of disk

HDDs keep deleted data for a long time. SSDs with TRIM, and most cloud disks, often clear it fast.

The filesystem

ext4 sometimes gives files back, XFS rarely. Btrfs, ZFS and LVM snapshots can make it easy.

The health of the disk

A healthy disk is easy. A failing disk must be copied carefully, and parts may be lost.

Backups and snapshots

These beat every tool. Check them first.

What was done after the loss

Repairs, reinstalls, formats and new data on the original disk can end the chance.

How a Linux recovery goes

The same careful order every time.

  1. 1

    Stop and describe

    Stop the apps that write to the disk. Tell us the distribution, the filesystem, what was lost and when.

  2. 2

    Copy the disk

    We make an image with ddrescue on storage you give us or we arrange, and keep the original as it is.

  3. 3

    Look for backups first

    Snapshots, hosting panel backups, database dumps and RootManage backups are the fastest and safest way back.

  4. 4

    Repair and scan the copy

    We mount the image read-only, repair what can be repaired, and scan for deleted files.

  5. 5

    Show you the result

    You get a list of what was found. You check it and choose what to take back.

  6. 6

    Hand back and clean up

    Files go back over a secure link or to a place you choose. We delete our working copies when you confirm.

The Linux tools we use

Well-known tools, used on a copy of your disk.

ddrescue

Copies a failing disk to an image, skips bad areas first and comes back to them. The first step on every job.

TestDisk and PhotoRec

TestDisk repairs partition tables and finds lost partitions. PhotoRec carves files out of free space by type, but the original file names are lost.

extundelete and ext4magic

Try to bring back deleted files on ext3 and ext4 using the journal. The results depend on how much time has passed.

xfs_repair and fsck

Repair XFS and ext filesystems. We run them on the copy, because a repair can change data.

mdadm

Examines and reassembles software RAID. We work on copies of the member disks.

LVM tools

vgcfgrestore, pvs, vgs and lvs to read and restore volume group metadata.

What to know before you start

  • On ext4, deleted files are often hard to bring back, because the file layout information is cleared when a file is removed. Backups matter much more than tools.
  • On XFS there is no reliable undelete. A backup or a snapshot is usually the only way.
  • If the data was overwritten, or the disk was wiped with a secure tool, it cannot be recovered.
  • On SSDs and cloud disks with TRIM or discard, deleted data is often gone quickly. A cloud provider snapshot may be your best chance.
  • A disk that is not detected or makes noise needs a clean-room lab, not software.

Do this first on Linux

  • Stop the services that write to the disk, or switch the server off if you can.
  • Do not install recovery tools on the disk you want to recover.
  • Do not run fsck, xfs_repair or a reinstall on the original disk.
  • Check your hosting panel and provider for a snapshot or backup before you do anything else.

Linux data recovery: your questions answered

Can you recover files after rm -rf on Linux?

Sometimes, but not always. On ext4 and XFS deleted files are often gone for good. We check backups and snapshots first, then scan a copy of the disk. We tell you honestly what looks possible.

Do you work on my original disk?

No. We copy the disk with ddrescue and work on the copy, so a mistake cannot make things worse.

Can you recover a broken mdadm RAID?

Often yes, if the RAID metadata and enough member disks are readable. We copy the members first and rebuild on the copies.

Can you bring back a missing LVM volume?

Often yes. LVM keeps old metadata copies, so we can usually restore a volume group that was removed by mistake, as long as the disk was not overwritten.

What about a VPS or cloud server?

Check the provider snapshots first. If there is none, we can work from an image you can attach to a second server, or through temporary access you give us.

Do you recover data from a hacked Linux server?

We look for what is still there and what can be restored from backups. Removing the malware is a separate job, which we also do.

How much does it cost?

It depends on the size of the disk and the problem. Send us the details and we tell you before any paid work starts.

Lost something important?

Send the system, what was lost and when. We reply with the next step.